Spermicide

spermicide for birth control

On their own, spermicides are one of the least effective forms of contraception, but when combined with other birth control methods like a diaphragm, condoms, or a cervical cap, they can increase your protection. There are several types of spermicides, including creams, jellies, foams, and dissolving film, so what you choose will depend on your preference. 

IN THIS ARTICLE

What is spermicide?

Spermicides are substances that stop sperm before they can fertilize an egg. They come in a variety of forms, including creams, jellies, foams, dissolving films, and suppositories that you insert directly into your vagina shortly before sex. (Some creams or jellies are designed to be used with a diaphragm or cervical cap.) Most contain the active ingredient nonoxynol-9 (N-9).

It’s not a good idea to rely on a spermicide alone for contraception, although it’s certainly better than using no method at all. For a higher measure of protection, use a spermicide along with a condom or the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM). It’s also good to have spermicide on hand as a backup in case you forget to take a birth control pill.

How do spermicides work?

Although the “cide” part of the word means “to kill,” spermicides doesn’t actually kill sperm. Instead, it blocks the entrance to the cervix so sperm can’t reach the egg, and also affects sperm movement so they slow down.

One important consideration is that spermicides don’t protect you from sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In fact, frequent use of the spermicides N-9 can cause genital irritation and breaks in vaginal tissue that might make you more susceptible to HIV (and possibly other STIs). Don’t use a spermicide if you’re at high risk for HIV. If you’re not in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship, use latex condoms for protection or, if that’s not possible, use polyurethane male or female condoms.

Are there different types of spermicides?

There are several types of spermicides, but no matter which one you choose, there are some general good practices for each. First, make sure you have enough of the product on hand – along with an applicator, if necessary – and that it’s not past its expiration date. It’s a good idea to have a refill around, especially with foam, because it’s hard to tell how much is left in the can. Store spermicides in a cool, dry place. Some types – such as suppositories and film products – can melt if they get too warm.

Application methods vary depending on the product, so follow the instructions on the label carefully. Before you start, wash your hands. If you’re using foam, shake the can well. If you’re using film, make sure your fingers are completely dry before you remove the film from the package.

If you’re using spermicide with a diaphragm or cervical cap, follow the instructions that come with your device and apply the appropriate amount of jelly or cream before inserting. Otherwise, lie down or squat to insert the spermicide into your vagina. Insert foam, cream, or jelly with an applicator and suppositories or film with your finger. It’s important to get the spermicide deep into your vagina so that it’s against your cervix.

Here’s a look at the differences between the different spermicide product types:

Spermicide condoms

Spermicide won’t damage condoms, and they actually work very well together. Some condom brands have spermicide already on the condoms, which can also act as a spermicide lube. Keep in mind, condoms treated with N-9 are more likely to cause vaginal irritation.

Spermicide jelly

Spermicide jelly comes in tubes, and you usually use it with a cervical cap or diaphragm. The jelly starts working within 10 to 15 minutes.

Spermicide foam

Foams come in aerosol cans with an applicator that’s inserted into the vagina. Then you press the plunger or button to release foam. The advantage of these is immediate activation, unlike other types of spermicides that require waiting about 15 minutes.

Spermicide gels and creams

Gels and creams containing spermicide come with an applicator, which you fill and then insert in the vagina. These are effective up to one hour, much like foams and suppositories. Jellies and films are effective for longer, between three to six hours.

Contraceptive film

Vaginal contraceptive film is a thin sheet that you fold before inserting into the vagina. It works by melting into a thick gel and absorbing vaginal secretions, creating a block against sperm. Insert the film at least 15 minutes before sex so it has time to work.

Spermicide inserts, tablets and suppositories

These are concentrated spermicides that dissolve into a foam within 15 minutes of being inserted into the vagina.

Foams, creams, and jellies are usually effective right away. With films and suppositories, you usually need to wait 15 minutes after insertion before you have sex.

In general, one dose of spermicide is good for an hour after you insert it. So, if your partner doesn’t ejaculate in that time, you’ll need to insert more. Remember to insert a new dose each time you have sex, even if it’s been less than an hour.

After your partner ejaculates, the spermicide (along with some semen) may trickle out of your vagina. You can take a shower if you like, but don’t bathe, rinse out your vagina, or douche for at least six hours after having sex because the chemicals need to have a chance to kill all the sperm. You may want to wear a light sanitary pad to absorb the leakage. Spermicidal films and bioadhesive jellies tend to be less messy than other products.

How effective is spermicide as a form of birth control?

On their own, spermicides aren’t very effective at preventing pregnancy. The rates vary among studies, but typically, about 28 percent of women (almost 1 in 3) who rely on spermicides alone for contraception end up getting pregnant during the first year of use. That number includes women who don’t always use spermicide correctly or don’t use it every time they have sex.

Even among women who use spermicide correctly and consistently, though, as many as 18 percent (1 in 5) will get pregnant during the first year of use. For this reason, experts don’t recommend using a spermicide alone to prevent pregnancy.

What should I do if I use the spermicide incorrectly?

It’s a good idea to have emergency contraceptive pills on hand so you’ll be prepared if you forget to use contraception or used it incorrectly. The sooner you use emergency contraception after unprotected sex, the more likely it is to prevent pregnancy.

Are there any side effects of using spermicides?

Some women and men are sensitive to spermicidal products. Usually the spermicidal chemical itself is the culprit, but it could also be one of the other ingredients. Irritation is more likely with frequent use.

If you find that your vagina, your external genitalia, or your partner’s penis becomes irritated, stop using the spermicide for a few days to see if it clears up. (Use condoms in the meantime.) If the discomfort doesn’t go away, see your healthcare provider to be sure you don’t have a vaginal infection or an STI.

If you want to continue using spermicide, ask your healthcare provider to recommend a spermicide with a different formulation and dose of N-9. (If you’re using latex condoms or a rubber diaphragm along with the spermicide, you may want to try switching to a polyurethane condom or a silicone diaphragm to make sure that sensitivity to latex isn’t the problem.) If the irritation persists, you’ll need to find another method of contraception.

N-9 changes the pH balance of the vagina and affects some of the beneficial bacteria, making your genital area more hospitable to the bacteria that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). If you find that you’re getting recurrent UTIs, you’ll need to choose a method of contraception that doesn’t require a spermicide.

Spermicides don’t taste that great either, which can lessen the appeal of oral sex, although you can find more palatable, flavored versions at specialty stores. Finally, don’t ever use a product containing N-9 as a lubricant for anal sex. It can damage the delicate tissue there.

Is there anyone that shouldn’t use spermicides?

You won’t be able to use spermicides if:

  • You or your partner is sensitive or allergic to spermicides.
  • You have certain genital tract abnormalities, such as a vaginal septum or double cervix, that would make it difficult for you to place the spermicide properly in your vagina.
  • You’re uncomfortable touching yourself or continue having trouble placing the spermicide correctly.

Finally, people who are at high risk for getting HIV should not use spermicide that contains N-9. When used frequently, it may raise your risk of getting the disease if you’re exposed.

Where can I get spermicides?

Spermicidal products are available without a prescription and are usually sold alongside condoms in drugstores and supermarkets, as well as at family planning clinics and online.

Read more about

Add a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *